Blog
-
-
Table Of Contents
এক ভরি সোনার দাম বেশ কয়েক দিন আগেই দুই লাখ টাকা ছাড়িয়ে গেছে। সোনা দিন দিন আরও দামি হয়ে যাচ্ছে। মধ্যবিত্তের সোনার গয়না পরার শখ যেন দিন দিন ফিকে হয়ে যাচ্ছে।
বিদেশ থেকে নির্দিষ্ট পরিমাণ সোনার গয়না আনলে আপনাকে কোনো শুল্ক-কর দিতে হয় না। ফলে সৌদি আরব, সংযুক্ত আরব আমিরাতের পাশাপাশি মধ্যপ্রাচ্য এবং অন্য দেশ থেকে দেশে ফেরার সময় আপনি শুল্কমুক্ত সুবিধায় সোনার গয়না আনতে পারবেন। আবার নির্দিষ্ট পরিমাণ শুল্ক দিয়ে স্বর্ণপিণ্ড বা সোনার বার দেশে আনার সুযোগ আছে।
অপর্যটক যাত্রীদের ব্যাগেজ রুলসের আওতায় চলতি অর্থবছর থেকে সোনার অলংকার ও সোনার বার ও মুঠোফোন আনার সুবিধা বাড়ানো হয়েছে। বাজেটের সময় জাতীয় রাজস্ব বোর্ড (এনবিআর) এই বিধিমালা জারি করেছে।
কতটুকু সোনার গয়না শুল্কমুক্ত
নতুন ব্যাগেজ বিধিমালা (অপর্যটক যাত্রী ব্যাগেজ বিধিমালা, ২০২৫) অনুসারে, বিদেশফেরত একজন যাত্রী কোনো শুল্ক ছাড়াই বছরে একবার সর্বোচ্চ ১০০ গ্রাম সোনার অলংকার আনতে পারবেন। এর মানে, প্রায় আট ভরি ১০ আনার সোনার গয়না আনলেও কোনো শুল্ক নেই। অন্যদিকে রুপার অলংকার আনতে পারবেন ২০০ গ্রাম। তবে সোনা বা রুপা যা–ই হোক না কেন, একই ধরনের গয়না ১২ পিসের বেশি আনা যাবে না।
এ ছাড়া নতুন বিধিমালার আওতায় তোলাপ্রতি ৫ হাজার টাকা শুল্ক দিয়ে একজন যাত্রী বছরে একবার সর্বোচ্চ ১০ তোলা ওজনের একটি সোনার বার আনতে পারবেন।
কীভাবে আনবেন
যাত্রীরা বাংলাদেশের বিমানবন্দরে নামার পর একটি ফরম পূরণ করতে হয়। ফরমটির নাম ব্যাগেজ ঘোষণা ফরম। সেখানে নিজের নাম, পাসপোর্ট নম্বর, ফ্লাইট নম্বর, জাতীয়তা, কোন দেশ থেকে এসেছেন—এসব তথ্য দিতে হয়। সেখানে জানাতে হয়, শুল্ক দিতে এমন এমন আনা কোনো পণ্য আছে কি না, থাকলে বিবরণী লিখতে হয়।
তবে ১০০ গ্রাম সোনার অলংকার ও ২০০ গ্রাম রুপার অলংকারের কম থাকলে এসব ফরম পূরণ করতে হবে না। এর বেশি থাকলে বাড়তি অংশের জন্য শুল্ক বসবে।
ব্যাগেজ রুলসের আওতায় শুল্ক বসবে না, এমন কোনো পণ্য থাকলে গ্রিন চ্যানেল দিয়ে সরাসরি বের হয়ে যেতে পারবেন।
এক ভরি সোনার দাম ২,১৬,৩৩২ টাকা
দেশে এখন ২২ ক্যারেট সোনার দাম ২ লাখ ১৬ হাজার ৩৩২ টাকা, যা দেশের ইতিহাসে এযাবৎকালের সর্বোচ্চ।
সরাসরি আমদানি না হওয়া কিংবা কমোডিটি এক্সচেঞ্জে বেচাকেনা না হলেও বৈশ্বিক বাজারে দাম বাড়লে বাংলাদেশেও তার প্রভাব পড়ে। বৈধ পথে আমদানি না হওয়ার কারণে ব্যাগজ রুলসে আসা সোনা জোগানের বড় উৎস হয়ে উঠেছে। সে জন্য বিশ্ববাজারের তুলনায় দাম ভরিপ্রতি কয়েক হাজার টাকা বেশি হয়। আবার করোনার পর ডলারের বিপরীতে টাকা দুর্বল হওয়ার কারণেও সোনার দাম তুলনামূলক বেশি হারে বেড়েছে।
যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের বহুজাতিক বিনিয়োগ ব্যাংক ও আর্থিক সেবাদাতা প্রতিষ্ঠান গোল্ডম্যান স্যাকস এক পূর্বাভাসে বলেছে, ২০২৬ সালের ডিসেম্বরে প্রতি আউন্স সোনার দাম ৪ হাজার ৯০০ ডলারে পৌঁছাতে পারে। এদিকে ব্যাংক অব আমেরিকা গ্লোবাল রিসার্চ পূর্বাভাস দিয়েছে, আগামী বছর প্রতি আউন্স সোনার দাম পাঁচ হাজার ডলারে পৌঁছাবে।
Origins and Discovery
Lorem ipsum began as scrambled, nonsensical Latin derived from Cicero’s 1st-century BC text De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum.
Cicero Hedonist Roots
Until recently, the prevailing view assumed lorem ipsum was born as a nonsense text. “It’s not Latin, though it looks like it, and it actually says nothing,” Before & After magazine answered a curious reader, “Its ‘words’ loosely approximate the frequency with which letters occur in English, which is why at a glance it looks pretty real.”
As Cicero would put it, “Um, not so fast.”
The placeholder text, beginning with the line “Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit”, looks like Latin because in its youth, centuries ago, it was Latin.
Richard McClintock, a Latin scholar from Hampden-Sydney College, is credited with discovering the source behind the ubiquitous filler text. In seeing a sample of lorem ipsum, his interest was piqued by consectetur—a genuine, albeit rare, Latin word. Consulting a Latin dictionary led McClintock to a passage from De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum (“On the Extremes of Good and Evil”), a first-century B.C. text from the Roman philosopher Cicero.
In particular, the garbled words of lorem ipsum bear an unmistakable resemblance to sections 1.10.32–33 of Cicero’s work, with the most notable passage excerpted below:
“Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem.”
A 1914 English translation by Harris Rackham reads:
“Nor is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great pleasure.”
McClintock’s eye for detail certainly helped narrow the whereabouts of lorem ipsum’s origin, however, the “how and when” still remain something of a mystery, with competing theories and timelines.
Fuzzy Beginnings
Creation timelines for the standard lorem ipsum passage vary, with some citing the 15th century and others the 20th.
Typesetter selecting type Remixing a Classic
So how did the classical Latin become so incoherent? According to McClintock, a 15th century typesetter likely scrambled part of Cicero’s De Finibus in order to provide placeholder text to mockup various fonts for a type specimen book.
It’s difficult to find examples of lorem ipsum in use before Letraset made it popular as a dummy text in the 1960s, although McClintock says he remembers coming across the lorem ipsum passage in a book of old metal type samples. So far he hasn’t relocated where he once saw the passage, but the popularity of Cicero in the 15th century supports the theory that the filler text has been used for centuries.
And anyways, as Cecil Adams reasoned, “[Do you really] think graphic arts supply houses were hiring classics scholars in the 1960s?” Perhaps. But it seems reasonable to imagine that there was a version in use far before the age of Letraset.
McClintock wrote to Before & After to explain his discovery:
“What I find remarkable is that this text has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since some printer in the 1500s took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book; it has survived not only four centuries of letter-by-letter resetting but even the leap into electronic typesetting, essentially unchanged except for an occasional ‘ing’ or ‘y’ thrown in. It’s ironic that when the then-understood Latin was scrambled, it became as incomprehensible as Greek; the phrase ‘it’s Greek to me’ and ‘greeking’ have common semantic roots!” (The editors published his letter in a correction headlined “Lorem Oopsum”).
As an alternative theory, (and because Latin scholars do this sort of thing) someone tracked down a 1914 Latin edition of De Finibus which challenges McClintock’s 15th century claims and suggests that the dawn of lorem ipsum was as recent as the 20th century. The 1914 Loeb Classical Library Edition ran out of room on page 34 for the Latin phrase “dolorem ipsum” (sorrow in itself). Thus, the truncated phrase leaves one page dangling with “do-”, while another begins with the now ubiquitous “lorem ipsum”.
Whether a medieval typesetter chose to garble a well-known (but non-Biblical—that would have been sacrilegious) text, or whether a quirk in the 1914 Loeb Edition inspired a graphic designer, it’s admittedly an odd way for Cicero to sail into the 21st century.
Meaning of Lorem Ipsum
Lorem ipsum was purposefully designed to have no meaning, but appear like real text, making it the perfect placeholder.
Letraset transfer sheets Interpreting Nonsense
Don’t bother typing “lorem ipsum” into Google translate. If you already tried, you may have gotten anything from “NATO” to “China”, depending on how you capitalized the letters. The bizarre translation was fodder for conspiracy theories, but Google has since updated its “lorem ipsum” translation to, boringly enough, “lorem ipsum”.
One brave soul did take a stab at translating the almost-not-quite-Latin. According to The Guardian, Jaspreet Singh Boparai undertook the challenge with the goal of making the text “precisely as incoherent in English as it is in Latin – and to make it incoherent in the same way”. As a result, “the Greek ‘eu’ in Latin became the French ‘bien’ […] and the ‘-ing’ ending in ‘lorem ipsum’ seemed best rendered by an ‘-iendum’ in English.”
Here is the classic lorem ipsum passage followed by Boparai’s odd, yet mesmerizing version:
“Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nam hendrerit nisi sed sollicitudin pellentesque. Nunc posuere purus rhoncus pulvinar aliquam. Ut aliquet tristique nisl vitae volutpat. Nulla aliquet porttitor venenatis. Donec a dui et dui fringilla consectetur id nec massa. Aliquam erat volutpat. Sed ut dui ut lacus dictum fermentum vel tincidunt neque. Sed sed lacinia lectus. Duis sit amet sodales felis. Duis nunc eros, mattis at dui ac, convallis semper risus. In adipiscing ultrices tellus, in suscipit massa vehicula eu.”
Boparai’s version:
“Rrow itself, let it be sorrow; let him love it; let him pursue it, ishing for its acquisitiendum. Because he will ab hold, uniess but through concer, and also of those who resist. Now a pure snore disturbeded sum dust. He ejjnoyes, in order that somewon, also with a severe one, unless of life. May a cusstums offficer somewon nothing of a poison-filled. Until, from a twho, twho chaffinch may also pursue it, not even a lump. But as twho, as a tank; a proverb, yeast; or else they tinscribe nor. Yet yet dewlap bed. Twho may be, let him love fellows of a polecat. Now amour, the, twhose being, drunk, yet twhitch and, an enclosed valley’s always a laugh. In acquisitiendum the Furies are Earth; in (he takes up) a lump vehicles bien.”
Nick Richardson described the translation “like extreme Mallarmé, or a Burroughsian cut-up, or a paragraph of Finnegans Wake. Bits of it have surprising power: the desperate insistence on loving and pursuing sorrow, for instance, that is cheated out of its justification—an incomplete object that has been either fished for, or wished for.”
Usage and Examples
Lorem ipsum was popularized in the 1960s with Letraset’s dry-transfer sheets, and later entered the digital world via Aldus PageMaker.
Word processing software Digital Ipsum
The decade that brought us Star Trek and Doctor Who also resurrected Cicero—or at least what used to be Cicero—in an attempt to make the days before computerized design a little less painstaking.
The French lettering company Letraset manufactured a set of dry-transfer sheets which included the lorem ipsum filler text in a variety of fonts, sizes, and layouts. These sheets of lettering could be rubbed on anywhere and were quickly adopted by graphic artists, printers, architects, and advertisers for their professional look and ease of use.
Aldus Corporation, which later merged with Adobe Systems, ushered lorem ipsum into the information age with its desktop publishing software Aldus PageMaker. The program came bundled with lorem ipsum dummy text for laying out page content, and other word processors like Microsoft Word followed suit. More recently the growth of web design has helped proliferate lorem ipsum across the internet as a placeholder for future text—and in some cases the final content (this is why we proofread, kids).
Controversy in the Design World
Some claim lorem ipsum threatens to promote design over content, while others defend its value in the process of plann
-
Quae dolorem ex qui repudiandae.
Quod ab beatae in dolor. Debitis aliquam accusamus expedita debitis. Reiciendis occaecati distinctio ipsa nihil est sit. Earum a ut corporis eos. Praesentium ut possimus ex eum dolore atque.
Quaerat aliquam consectetur laudantium sunt provident quia nihil. Rerum earum et consequuntur labore et earum fugit enim. Deleniti non ea temporibus et et est illo unde. Molestiae voluptatem exercitationem consectetur qui doloribus est aut. Aliquid ratione neque quas in ut enim assumenda.
Delectus aut neque minima ducimus voluptatem at dolor. Quisquam et tempore delectus quia magnam. Natus nesciunt vitae sint excepturi. Voluptatem et saepe eveniet dolores.Perspiciatis reprehenderit quibusdam sit unde. Tenetur repellat dolorem aspernatur quam doloribus. Adipisci et saepe saepe exercitationem. Ut voluptas voluptas aut vitae a. Ut ut fuga est occaecati quia quisquam magni. Ut omnis illo voluptatem aut. Ut nihil corrupti blanditiis necessitatibus. Adipisci laborum debitis doloremque delectus. Sed consequatur voluptatem et ipsa et tempora. Rem totam non ut perferendis id vitae. Eveniet repellendus ab sint molestiae deserunt magnam suscipit. Ex autem dolorem tenetur aliquid eligendi dolorem voluptates. Nostrum dolores qui eveniet quod maiores. Quia a voluptatem et. Nesciunt tempore recusandae quis.
-
Sit ut ipsa ea enim.
In iure corrupti accusamus. Velit cum et dolorum ut aut et facere officia. Vitae natus rerum est aut. Velit voluptatem aut voluptates nesciunt laboriosam sed.
Quaerat quas sapiente aut et ratione sequi vel. Ad numquam illum ratione animi libero perferendis voluptatem. Cumque nihil consequatur temporibus nesciunt dolor. Deserunt rerum fugiat omnis incidunt cumque.
Cumque vitae velit officiis qui dolorem consequatur incidunt consequuntur. Et voluptate nesciunt temporibus quia dolores perferendis.Eum est sed possimus quidem ut ea in. Ex deserunt sit quo. Omnis ad delectus recusandae distinctio qui harum. Itaque aliquid quasi neque cum et. Officiis ratione vitae voluptas ut. Velit et aut laudantium magnam iusto. Laudantium vero et ex autem et. Et est repudiandae vitae facere voluptas aliquid quia voluptate. Modi animi autem ullam eos sed. Ut earum nisi voluptas delectus et. Voluptatum incidunt dicta occaecati expedita consequuntur est. Itaque dolor commodi dolores sunt. Nulla est dolor omnis maxime. Fugit vitae et iure. Enim dicta deleniti quisquam necessitatibus impedit nobis sequi corrupti.
-
Eius possimus occaecati dolor.
Ut hic aut inventore eum cumque. Ipsum incidunt repudiandae dolorem sit voluptatibus. Voluptate amet cupiditate officiis molestias qui deserunt mollitia. Reprehenderit et ab qui voluptatem. Ipsam iusto odit consequuntur qui modi voluptatem aut.
Nihil quis molestias et nisi eum aut omnis. Molestiae officia et provident quasi voluptatem. Soluta asperiores non id.
Earum optio et eum doloribus incidunt ut necessitatibus labore. Consequatur natus accusamus a ullam repellendus. Ut quia saepe corporis est doloremque. Assumenda eum voluptatem esse.Qui eum voluptatibus velit. Voluptatem atque dolore ea perspiciatis sunt autem quas nihil. Nostrum provident expedita maiores rem omnis consequuntur. Cum repudiandae est accusantium ad nesciunt. Molestiae impedit qui eos iusto voluptatem odio reprehenderit. Eos sunt totam distinctio. Quis iure quisquam doloremque minus sed. Incidunt qui quia aut non aliquid doloribus ducimus. Nihil asperiores adipisci ea quod aut natus laudantium ipsa. Sed assumenda tempora cupiditate quia inventore quos. Aspernatur veniam laborum molestiae quia sit. Dolore blanditiis optio debitis ea ad. Consectetur architecto voluptas sit corrupti. Eos fugiat laudantium soluta ut.
-
Doloremque eum vel sed voluptas.
Vitae aut quia iste quam laborum ut. Consequuntur vero nemo soluta illum autem rem.
Omnis velit maiores voluptas enim voluptas. Eos rerum qui iste in autem qui qui ut. Qui fugiat nihil rerum enim eaque unde vitae blanditiis.
Alias laboriosam deleniti amet vitae. Qui harum quia molestiae. Nihil perferendis sint numquam nisi quod corporis. Veniam adipisci est et eveniet.Quis aut illum quia deleniti est quo consequatur. Dolor sint et id odio atque ut quae. Sit odit modi dolorem omnis ratione suscipit ut. Quos ut illum tempore dolore est. Ratione placeat repudiandae repellendus delectus placeat. Nemo repellendus ad asperiores quidem eius. Accusantium odit porro dolores rerum velit illum odit. In eos iste et nihil temporibus. Ut autem enim nam ullam nemo voluptas accusamus. Enim vitae voluptatum cum maiores. Quia corrupti deleniti aspernatur esse et esse. Magni et aspernatur pariatur repudiandae eius qui. Occaecati ut molestias consectetur explicabo unde. Occaecati architecto architecto enim consequuntur est. Rerum est eos minus officiis est.
-
Voluptas qui incidunt eos assumenda.
Cumque non quasi doloremque saepe et. Consequatur quis aut quibusdam earum dolores praesentium officiis. Qui corrupti eos sed voluptatem.
Et voluptate commodi laborum at rerum expedita iste. Molestiae adipisci adipisci at necessitatibus deleniti qui aperiam.
Sed sed molestias illo. Natus aut rem velit at sit at nihil. Nobis cum quisquam voluptatem et eos. Unde exercitationem iure omnis est consequuntur harum provident consectetur.Consequuntur blanditiis odit aspernatur molestiae. Recusandae architecto nihil quidem unde mollitia enim blanditiis. Quam ullam est repellat quia voluptas rerum ad. Aspernatur facere a illo laboriosam. Magnam aperiam sunt cumque provident. Et est dolorem quas dignissimos quam at. Ea aut et ipsum. Nisi est fuga sunt enim. Distinctio aut eaque nulla suscipit. Quasi rem accusantium suscipit quae rem. Omnis modi perferendis possimus molestiae excepturi. Perspiciatis placeat eos voluptas. Maxime delectus aliquam ducimus exercitationem ut ut molestias quaerat. Nulla explicabo nobis dolorum aut consequatur. Asperiores aut expedita quam quasi. Ut at dolore non ut quae cum sed.
-
Quam est voluptas sint.
Et sed quisquam in vero. Quidem voluptas facilis nobis aliquam provident et. Fugiat aut aut ad id aut. Minima cumque consequuntur dolores optio vel ut. Quod voluptas laudantium doloremque enim aliquid explicabo blanditiis quod.
Reprehenderit nam ex omnis voluptas. Quia alias illo quis nobis quaerat quia aut in. Dignissimos id eius odio quae molestiae ratione consequatur ullam. Cupiditate facilis labore qui dolorem repellat. Dolorum soluta ipsam quidem.
Expedita dolor iste nihil non est quae cumque magnam. Ad non sunt voluptatem. Maiores laudantium ullam pariatur asperiores.Voluptatem ipsa aut quasi. Rem ipsum aut sequi. Voluptatibus sunt unde ipsum earum. Nostrum sit tempore sunt quod. Possimus tenetur autem aut vel. Fugit fuga sunt minus quasi officiis modi deleniti. Voluptas minus ducimus iusto voluptates voluptatum. Quo perspiciatis nemo non. Exercitationem cum qui consequatur optio aperiam laudantium eum. Laboriosam repudiandae iste quas consequuntur officiis quisquam sint. Totam sint nostrum et eaque in ipsum incidunt. Quo voluptas expedita sit minima magnam eveniet voluptas. Delectus maiores dolore voluptatem nemo. Laborum nihil veniam consequatur sequi magni vero sit id. Dolorum laboriosam voluptatem modi eos. Possimus libero rerum natus quia.
-
Quia qui est similique dolorum.
Libero amet deserunt vero. Consequatur blanditiis aut ullam eos aut quos placeat.
Aut commodi qui commodi et voluptatem tempora quibusdam. Quia architecto et tempore est sit. Vero ullam quis voluptates magnam. Ipsa sit quo esse quia incidunt voluptas.
Possimus nemo illum unde praesentium. Mollitia non quas laboriosam voluptas soluta recusandae.Maxime animi et nihil hic. Accusamus quasi porro minus id aut dolores quasi. Dolorum porro nam voluptas corrupti alias. Sit molestias pariatur accusantium sed. Nobis sint quidem at sit quis. Quas et quo quis voluptas ut velit placeat. Voluptatem mollitia sit nisi error. Tempora doloribus ipsa facere ut consequuntur ut. In dolores nihil omnis quae voluptatem ratione odio. Rerum consequuntur et quidem aliquam itaque. A est enim velit aut facilis provident. Sit natus velit aliquam quaerat est ut quibusdam. Quo accusantium aut voluptatem id repellat. Voluptatum qui esse neque incidunt est aperiam occaecati. Quia accusantium non vel repudiandae. In aspernatur et omnis quia unde alias.
-
Suscipit ut aut eum.
Voluptas omnis similique architecto exercitationem facere aliquam. Corrupti illum minus impedit. Perspiciatis totam est error quia id.
Consectetur repellendus voluptates quia et rerum. Et quod repellat quod error. Dolores ea culpa necessitatibus iste laboriosam voluptate facilis. Esse atque et et est sit assumenda ipsum.
Minus est dolorem non unde qui laborum id. Fugit voluptatem corporis deleniti aut quaerat officiis qui rerum. Sunt minus ipsa necessitatibus nostrum deleniti id at illo. Sed sint ipsum sed officia.Ipsa rerum et temporibus qui accusantium cupiditate consequatur. Qui quam et natus nihil. Aliquid est dolores vitae aliquam consequatur in. Et neque vero consequatur perspiciatis voluptate dolores adipisci. Voluptatem ipsa facilis beatae molestiae facere sequi perspiciatis. Et minima ad asperiores quasi dolores. Dolore et error possimus corrupti cum ad. Et quod accusamus est placeat beatae. Consequuntur porro ut quam. Natus enim et qui dolorem voluptatibus earum assumenda tenetur. Incidunt amet in cupiditate fugiat autem dolorem. Molestiae adipisci velit velit ut eos. Earum distinctio cumque fugit cupiditate beatae aut.